The dormant season, either after fall leaf drop or before budbreak in early spring, is the ideal time to plant trees and shrubs. Trees must establish roots in the planting site before spring rains and summer heat encourage new growth.
- The right tree for the right place
Choose a tree that will grow well where you plan to plant it. Your best bet is to select a tree species that is native to your area. Keep in mind that small trees will grow and require more space as they mature. Ensure the spot you have chosen will allow for size expansion when the tree is mature.
- Dig the hole
Dig a hole that is at least twice as wide as the root ball to allow aerated soil for the roots to grow. The hole needs to be slightly shallower (approximately one to two inches) than the root ball to allow the roots to rest on naturally firm soil and prevent the tree from settling when watered.
- Place and adjust
Adjust the tree so it is standing straight before you start backfilling the hole. Have someone view the tree from several directions to ensure the tree is straight.
This is also a good time to remove any plastic tags or other unnatural material.
- Fill the hole
Fill the hole with soil about one-third full and pack it gently but firmly. Cut and remove any fabric, plastic, string or wire from the root ball and trunk. Be careful to not damage the tree in the process. Add water to help the tree settle. Continue to fill and firmly pack the hole with soil, adding water occasionally.
- Stake if necessary
Staking is only necessary if the tree needs support or to protect the tree from lawn mower damage and/or weather conditions. Staking for support will not be necessary in most situations.
- Add mulch
Mulch helps hold moisture, regulate soil temperature, and reduce grass and weed growth. Some good choices include wood chips, bark, pine straw, peat moss or leaf litter.
- Follow-up care
Routine care will ensure the tree will grow and thrive. Water the tree at least once a week and keep the soil moist, but do not soak. Over-watering causes the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. Prune any branches damaged during the planting process. Wait until after a full season of growth to do any necessary corrective pruning.
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